Internal-combustion motor



W. J. DUNN. ENTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB- 25, I920.

Patented Feb. 21, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Mmen/ar effective as a back; pressure on the engine INTERNAL-COMBUSTION MOTOR.

T 0 all 20 ham. it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM J. DUNN, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and resident of the city of Montreal, in the Province of Quebecand Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Motors, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion motors, and the object of the invention is to provide an engine which may be produced'at low cost and which will have a high rate of efficiency.

The device consistsessentially of an engine inwhich valves of the piston type are used, each valve servingtwo cylinders. In order to economize in manufacture, the cylinders and their valves are preferably cast en blocin pairs. If desired, all the cylinders of an engine may be cast en bloc. The disadvantages incident to the use of a muffler are overcome by passing the exhaust in proximity to thefiy wheel, which is in the nature of an impulse turbine, so that the pressure of the exhaust in place of being is effective to increase the power In the drawings which illustrate the invention;

Fig. 1 is a plan view of an engine with the cylinder cover removed.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line.2- -2, Figure 1.

Fig. 3 .is a section on the line 33, Fig ure 2. V

Fig. 1- is a fragmentary interior elevation of the fly wheel casing showing the exhaust gas screen.

Fig. 5 is an enlargement of the valve shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a section of the valve 011 the line 7 6-6, Figure 5.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, 11 designates a crank case formed of as many parts as desired and containing a crank shaft 12 journalled in bearings 13.

The cylinder bloc 14 is mounted on r the crank case in the usual way and in the particular design illustrated is provided with cover 15, water ports 16 being provided to conne'ctthe cooling jacket 17 of the cylinders with the cooling jacket 18 of the'c'over. The valves are of the piston type and the valve cylinders 19 are located between the 'euginecylinders- 20 on eachside of the lonspecification of Letters Eatent. Patented Feb, 21, 1922.

Application filed February 25, 1920. Serial No. 361,314.

gitudinal axis of the engine and as close as possible to the cylinders, in order to reduce the length of. the passages between the valves and cylinders. In order to lighten the structure, it is preferred to cast the cylinder bloc of a suitable aluminum alloy and provide bushings 21 of steel or other suitable material in the engine and valve cylinders. For convenience and simplicity, it is also preferred to locate the inlet valves 22 on one side of the longitudinal axis and the exhaust valves 23 on the other side, using separate halfti1ne shafts 24: driven by gears 25 from the crank shaft to operate the valves. To secure smooth motion and avoid the use of springs, itis preferred to operate the valves by means of eccentric rods 26 similar to those used in the valve motions of steam engines. By this arrangement, the gas passages are of the shortest possible length and the inlet manifold 27 and exhaust manifold 28 are also of the least possible length.

The exhaust manifold 28 is connected by a conduit 29 with a casing 30 which surrounds the fly wheel 31, the conduit entering the casing tangentially. An exhaust outlet pipe 32 isv provided leading tangentially from the casing, either in alignment with the conduit 29 or at any desired angle thereto. The edge of the fly wheelis provided with a series of pockets 33 which function similarly to the blades of a turbine. A valve 34: is provided in the conduit 29 close to the fly wheel and an ignition device 35 is provided between this valve and the fly wheel, for the purpose of igniting any unburned gas and preventing the discharge of an explosive mixture. In order to reduce or eliminate the pulsations of the liberated exhaust, a screen 36 is provided between the casing and the outlet pipe 32, the perforations being located in approximately a triangular formation, as shown in Figure 4,

, also forms a centering guide for the eccen- 1 portion of sleeve circumference taken up.

' covered at difierent times.

and 49,

trio rod. Relative movement of the sleeves is permitted by slots 41 in the outer sleeve, which permit the wrist pin to move up or down a certain distance before reaching the ends of the slots and imparting movement to the outer sleeve. It has previously been stated that a single valve controls the inlet or exhaust of two cylinders and it is therefore necessary that the gas ports be un- To enable this to be done, the gas passages 42 and 43 extend to different levels of the valve cylinder and the ports 44 and 45 are arranged at these different levels. ports 46 and 47 adapted to register one at a time with the ports 45 and 46. These outer sleeve ports are located a lesser vertical distance apart than the ports 44. and 45. The inner sleeve is provided with ports 48 and 49 adapted to register at diiferent times with the ports 44 and 46 and 45 and 47 respectively. The port-s 48 and 49 are approximately the same vertical distance apart. as the ports 44 and 45. The length of the slots 41' may be expressed as the di-.

ameter of the wrist pin 39, plus the vertical measurement of the ports 46 and 48 or 47 lusthe maximum lap bet-ween these ports. Er the upper part of the inner sleeve 38 through ports 50 formed in both sleeves at a. point in the circumference between the ports 46, 48' and47, 49. These ports are elongated vertically as shown, so as to reduce the proby them and yet provide at the extremes of sleeve movement the necessary maximum area, which is approximately equal to the cross sectional area of the manifold. In order to control the relative movement of the sleeves, a dog 51 is resiliently mounted in any suitable manner and position, for example in the recess" 53, and when so arranged, operates through a slot in the valve cylinder bushing to engage in either the head or the foot of an eye-shaped slot 52 formed in the outer sleeve. The inner sleeve carries a cam 54 which travels in the upright portion or stem of the slot to engage the dog and force the same out of the head or foot of the slot.

The operation of the device is extremely simple. Assuming an .inlet valve to be in the position shown in Figure 5, initial movement is imparted to the engine and the inner sleeve descends, bringing its port 48 into register with the port 46 of the outer sleeve,

The outer sleeve 37 has 47 as is admitted to or emitted from.

48 passes out of register with the port 46.

. As the inner sleeve moves downwardly, the

cam 54 thereon throws back the dog 51 from the foot of the slot 52 and releases the outer sleeve, so that when the port 48 has passed out of register with the port 46' and the wrist pin reaches the bottoms of the slots 41 the outer sleeve will be free to move. It will be noted that, as the inner sleeve moves down, its port 49 passesout ofregiS- ter With the port 47 and is out of register when the outer sleeve commences to move down with the inner. This condition prevails until the outer sleeve has been moved down to bring its port 47 into register with the port 45 and the sleeve has been locked by entrance of the dog 51 in the head of the slot 52 and the inner sleeve moved up to bring its port .49 into register with the port ports to the second cylinder until the port 49 passes the port 47. 7 As the inner sleeve moves up, its cam 54 throws the dog out of the head of. the slot 52, s0thatwhen the wrist pin reaches the tops ofthe slots 41 the outer sleeve willbe free to move with the inner sleeve and resume the position shown in Figure 5. It will be noted that although the port 48 registers with the port 46 during the independent rise of the'inner sleeve, there will be no gas flow through the passage 42. owing to the fact that the port '46 is out of register with the port 44. The entire cycle of operations in the valve for either cylinder 'is completed in exactly one revolution of the halftime shaft 24, so that the engine operates on the four-cycle principle. The diiference in level between the ports 44 and 45 is the stroke of the valve so that communication with the engine cylinders is established at the end of a quarter revolution of the engine shaft, thus enabling the cranks to be set opposite one another in the usual manner. Theexhaust valve is con structed and operatesin exactly the same manner as the inlet valve, but naturally the eccentric rod is differently disposed, so that the exhaust valve for one pair ofcylinders is at about half stroke when the inlet valve is at full stroke. cylinders flows out of the valves through the ports 50, manifold 28 and conduit 29 and impinges 011 the fly wheel so that a certain portion at least of its velocity is imparted to the fly wheel. Avery hot spark is produced at the ignition plug 25 so that any unburned gases in the: exhaust will be ignited and burned, thus preventing the discharge of acombustible mixture from. the pipe 32. The valve v34 will prevent any such combustion of gases creating a back flash in the conduit 39 and manifold 28.

Owing to the use of steel bushings in the then flows through the ports until the port i Gas now flows through the aligned The exhaust from the engine and valve cylinders, the construction may be largely of aluminum alloy with the result that a very light motor will be produced. The arrangement of valves and use or eccentrics greatly simplifies the construction. The escaping gases tend to contribute power to the engine instead of tending to detract from the power, as is usual.

. Having thus described my invention, what I claim is j i 1. An internal combustion motor comprising; a pair of power cylinders, a pair of valve cylinders and passages connecting each valve cylinder with each power cylinder, said passages communicating with the valve cylinders at different levels.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a valve comprising a pair of independent movable sleeves and an operating means therefor comprising a movable member, and a single pin connecting said member to both sleeves.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a-

valve comprising a pair of independent movable sleeves, and an operating'means therefor r1g1dly connected to one of said sleeves and slidably connected to the other sleeve.

relatively movable sleeves, an operating means for'said sleeves rigidly connected to one of said sleeves and slidably connected to the other sleeve, means for releasably locking said second sleeve and means carried by the first sleeve for disengaging said locking means from the second sleeve.

6. A device according to claim 5, in which the first sleeve is mounted within the second sleeve and the second sleeve is provided with an eye-shaped slot adapted at top and bottom to receive the locking means and in its intermediate portion to receive the disengaging means of thefirst sleeve.

7. In an internal combustion engine, a

' pair of power cylinders, a pair of valve cylinders, separate passages connecting each power cylinder with each valve cylinder, a pair of sleeves arranged one within the other in each valve cylinder having ports therein adapted to register with said connecting passages, means for releasably locking one or" said sleeves against sliding movement, and means carried by the other sleeve for releasing said locking means and operating means for said sleeves adapted to bring the sleeve ports into registration with one another and with the passages at predetermined times.

8. A device according to claim 7, in which the ports of the sleeves are so positioned that the ports pertaining to one power cylinder are'out of register when the ports of the other cylinder are in register.

9.- ;"L device according to claim 7, in which the ports of the outer sleeve are positioned so that when one port registers with the passage connecting to one cylinder the other port is out or" register with the passage connectin to the other cylinder, and the ports ot the inner sleeve positioned to be out of register with the first mentioned outer sleeve port when the latter registers with the first men tioned passage, and the other inner sleeve port to be in register with the second outer sleeve port when the same is out of register with the second passage.

10. In combination with a device according to claim 7, means for holding the outer sleeve with a port in register with a passage, while a part of the outer sleeve passes into and out of register with the outer sleeve port, and means for releasing the outer sleeve for movement with the inner sleeve.

11. In combination with a device according to claim 7, means for holding the outer sleeve with a part thereof out of register with a passage and in register with an lnner sleeve port, while said inner sleeve port passes out of register with the outer sleeve port, and means for releasing said outer sleeve for movement with the inner sleeve sufiicient to bring the outer sleeve port into register with the passage and for releasing the holding means whereby said outer sleeve will be held with its port in register with a passage, while the inner sleeve port is moved into and out of register with the outer sleeve port.

12. In an engine, a valve cylinder having a passage leading into the side thereof, a pair of sleeves slidable one within the other and in said cylinder, each of said sleeves having a port adapted to register with the passage, means for reciprocating each of said sleeves within the cylinder, and means for holding one of said sleeves stationary during a part of the movement of the other sleeve, whereby the relative position of said sleeve ports will be changed. 7

13. A device according to claim 12, in which the. holding means is in engagement with one sleeve during the movement of the other sleeve for a distance equal to the sum of the port width plus any lap between the parts.

14. A device according to claim 12, in which the holding means comprises a dog operatively engageable with one of said sleeves at twopoints, and a cam carried by the other sleeve adapted to successively disengage the dog from both points of engagement with the other sleeve.

15. A device according toclaim 12, in which both sleeves are connected to a single operating member by means of a wrist pin stationary in one sleeve and slidable, within limits, in the other sleeve.

16. A device according to claim 12, in

which the locking means includes a stationu'y dog, 2, pair of spaced recesses therefor in one of said sleeves, a cam carried by the other sleeve operating in a recess in the first sleeve and engageable with said dog to eject the same from either of the recesses of the first sleeve.

17. In an internal combustion engine, a

valve cylinder, :1 bushing of different material therein, a pair of sleeves slidzible one Within the other and wlthln said bushlng, a

my hand.

WILLIAM J. DU NN, 

